Editing Knowledge Graphs in Health (section)

== Technology Platforms ==

=== Graph Databases ===
* '''Neo4j''' — leading graph database, extensive healthcare applications including MedQGraph (Temporal Medical Knowledge Graphs for AI-Driven Healthcare Insights). Snowflake now supports Neo4j graph analytics natively.<ref>Neo4j (2025): "MedQGraph: TMKGs for AI-Driven Healthcare Insights" — https://neo4j.com</ref>
* '''GraphDB (Ontotext)''' — enterprise knowledge graph database, powers AIDAVA. Now part of Graphwise after merger with Semantic Web Company.<ref>PR Newswire (2024): "Semantic Web Company and Ontotext Merge to Create Graphwise" — https://www.prnewswire.com</ref>
* '''AllegroGraph (Franz Inc.)'''' — semantic graph database widely used in life sciences. Supports RDF, SPARQL, and knowledge graph applications for clinical data integration.<ref>Franz Inc.: "AllegroGraph" — https://franz.com/agraph</ref>
* '''Amazon Neptune''' — managed graph database, healthcare analytics use cases.<ref>AWS (2025): "Building health care agents using Amazon Bedrock AgentCore" — https://aws.amazon.com</ref>
* '''Stardog''' — enterprise knowledge graph platform used in life sciences and pharma for data virtualization and reasoning.<ref>Databricks (2025): "Democratize insight with generative AI and knowledge graphs" — https://www.databricks.com</ref>
* '''ArangoDB''' — multi-model database with graph capabilities used in healthcare analytics.<ref>MarketsandMarkets (2025): "Knowledge Graph Market Report 2025-2030" — https://www.marketsandmarkets.com</ref>
* '''TigerGraph''' — scalable graph analytics for clinical data.<ref>Frontiers (2025): "A solution for combining multi-source heterogeneous data to construct enterprise knowledge graph" — https://www.frontiersin.org</ref>

=== Semantic Platforms ===
* '''PoolParty (Semantic Web Company / Graphwise)''' — semantic AI platform for health data classification and ontology management. Merged with Ontotext in 2024.<ref>TheRecursive (2024): "Graphwise — A Content Management Platform and a Graph Database Come Together" — https://therecursive.com</ref>
* '''Elsevier Knowledge Graphs''' — life sciences knowledge graphs used for drug repurposing, linking literature, patents, and clinical data.<ref>Elsevier (2025): "How knowledge graphs can supercharge drug repurposing" — https://www.elsevier.com</ref>

=== LLM + Knowledge Graphs ===
Large language models are increasingly used to construct and query health knowledge graphs:
* Nature: "Large language model powered knowledge graph construction for mental health exploration"<ref>Nature (2025) — https://www.nature.com</ref>
* Frontiers: "Unlocking electronic health records: a hybrid graph RAG approach to safe clinical AI for patient QA"<ref>Frontiers (2025) — https://www.frontiersin.org</ref>
* Anthropic: "Advancing Claude in healthcare and the life sciences"<ref>Anthropic (2025) — https://www.anthropic.com</ref>
* WHO: "An epidemiological knowledge graph extracted from Disease Outbreak News"<ref>Nature (2025) — https://www.nature.com</ref>

=== FHIR + Graph Integration ===
* '''SMART on FHIR''' — open standards platform enabling third-party apps to access clinical data via FHIR APIs. Knowledge graph integration enables semantic queries across patient records.<ref>OCNJ Daily (2026): "10 Best FHIR Software Development Companies" — https://ocnjdaily.com</ref>
* '''HL7 FHIR Bulk Data''' — enabling population-level data export for research. "What Bulk FHIR can do for quality measurement and more."<ref>Healthcare IT News (2025) — https://www.healthcareitnews.com</ref>
* MedCity News: "Beyond the Buzzword: Why Semantic Interoperability is the Holy Grail for Digital Health"<ref>MedCity News (2025) — https://medcitynews.com</ref>